Producing Algorithmic Aesthetics: Data Annotation Labour and the Embedding of Human Values in AI


Project dates (estimated):

2024 - 2028


Name of the PhD student:

Xin Bao


Supervisors:

Juli Huang - School of Social and Political Science

Jiazhi Fengjiang - School of Social and Political Science


Project aims:

Xin’s project explores the ethical and social implications of AI production through an ethnographic study of data annotation labour among rural women workers in China. It investigates how everyday practices of image annotation contribute to algorithmic aesthetics and examines how aesthetic standards and human judgments become embedded in AI systems. A central focus of the research is the production of algorithmic aesthetics. Through everyday practices such as labeling, filtering, and evaluating images of human faces and bodies, annotators contribute to constructing what counts as “qualified” data for training GenAI models. These models, in turn, generate images that align with implicit norms of realism, beauty, and acceptability. By de-centering AI as an autonomous system, the project foregrounds the human labour, judgment, and social context through which such aesthetic standards are produced. Xin’ research aims to reveal how the interaction between subjectivitity of human practices and cognition and algorithm influence the process of AI production.


Disciplines and subfields engaged:

  • Social Anthropology

  • Science and Technology Studies

  • Gender Studies

  • AI Ethics


Research Themes:

  • Emerging Technology and Human Identity

    • AI, Automation and Human Wisdom

    • Emerging Tech and Human Autonomy

  • Ethics and Politics of Data

    • Data Justice and Data Violence

  • Emerging Technology, Health and Flourishing

    • Emerging Tech and Human Flourishing

  • Ethics of Algorithms

    • Algorithmic Justice, Power, Freedom and Equity

    • Bias and Discrimination in Machine Learning

    • Algorithmic Accountability and Responsibility


Related Outputs:

Grants and Awards:

  • 2025/26 Tweedie Research Fellowship

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